Carburizer is a kind of carbon-containing substance, adding carburizer in the smelting process is to supplement the carbon content burned during the smelting of steel. We know that there are many kinds of carburants, such as petroleum coke carburants, artificial graphite carburants, etc., so the raw materials required for the production of carburants are also different, so what are the raw materials for the production of carburants? What is the production process? Below, I will talk to you about the raw materials and production process required for the production of carburizing agents.
Raw materials required for the production of carburizing agent
There are many kinds of raw materials for carburizing agents, wood carbon, coal carbon, coke, graphite, petroleum coke, etc., among which there are many small types under various categories. At present, most of the carburizing agents on the market, including graphite electrodes and graphitized oil coke, are produced using raw petroleum coke. The residual oil and petroleum pitch obtained from the distillation of crude oil under constant pressure or vacuum are obtained by coking. The impurity content in raw petroleum coke is high, can not be used directly as a carburizer, must be calcined or graphitized first. The high-quality carburizer generally needs to be graphitized, under high temperature conditions, the arrangement of carbon atoms is the microscopic form of graphite, so it is called graphitization. Graphitization can reduce the content of impurities in the carburizer, increase the carbon content of the carburizer, and reduce the sulfur content. The use of carburizer in casting can greatly increase the amount of scrap steel, reduce the amount of pig iron or do not use pig iron.
The production process of carburizer
Because there are many kinds of raw materials for carburizing agents, the production process is also different, but there are mainly three kinds:
1.Calcination production
The process of heat treatment of carbonaceous raw materials at high temperature (1200-1500°C) under the condition of isolation of air is called calcination. Calcination makes a series of changes in the structure and physical and chemical properties of various raw materials, which is a heat treatment process for the production of carburizing agents. Anthracite and petroleum coke contain a certain amount of volatile components, which need to be calcined. However, when petroleum coke and asphalt coke are mixed before calcining, they should be sent to the calciner together with petroleum coke for calcining.
2. Roasting production
Roasting is a heat treatment process in which the raw product after pressing is heated in the protective medium in the heating furnace under the condition of isolating air at a certain heating rate.
The purpose of roasting is to remove volatiles, and about 10% of volatiles are generally discharged after roasting. Therefore, the roasting yield is generally 90%; Binder coke, the product is roasted according to certain process conditions, so that the binder coke, the coke network is formed between the raw material particles, the raw materials of all different sizes are firmly linked together, so that the product has a certain physical and chemical properties. Under the same conditions, the higher the coking rate, the better the quality; The fixed geometry, the product in the roasting process, softening, binder migration phenomenon. As the temperature rises, a coking network is formed, which makes the product ossified. Therefore, its shape does not change when the temperature rises.
3. Extrusion production
The essence of the extrusion process is that after the raw material passes through a certain shape of the die mouth under pressure, it is compacted and plastic deformed to become a wool embryo with a certain shape and size. Extrusion molding process is mainly the plastic deformation process of paste. The extrusion process is carried out in the chamber and circular nozzle. The hot material in the loading chamber is pushed by the main ram at the rear. The gas in the raw material is forced to continue to be eliminated, the raw material is constantly dense, and the raw material moves forward.
When the raw material moves in the cylinder part of the material chamber, the raw material can be regarded as a stable flow, and the particle layers are basically parallel. When the raw material enters the extrusion nozzle with circular deformation, the raw material close to the mouth wall is subjected to greater friction resistance in the advance, the material layer begins to bend, the raw material has different advancing speed, the inner layer of raw material advances ahead, resulting in the product along the radial density is not uniform, so the internal stress caused by the different flow rate of the inner and outer layers in the extrusion block. After the paste enters the straight deformation part and is extruded.
The extrusion production method needs to add too much binder forming, and the carbon content is generally not up to the requirements of high-quality carburizing agents. After pressing the graphite powder, because it is a solid block, there is no porous structure, so the absorption rate and absorption rate are not as good as the calcined and calcined carburizer.
The requirements of carburizer raw materials
1.Strictly control the ash content and indicators of raw materials, ensure the testing of each raw material vehicle, resolutely return the unqualified raw materials, and ensure the use of high-quality raw materials to produce high-quality carburizers.
2. for different types of raw material warehouse storage to be classified, strict management, strictly prohibited to mix other substances.
3.Strictly screen the raw materials to ensure the removal of electrolytes and fine powders with high ash content.
4. the raw material powder to ensure fineness and purity, can use closed management, eliminate dust pollution.
Through the above introduction of the raw materials required for the production of carburants and production processes, it can be known that there are many kinds of raw materials required for carburants, and there are many small types under various classifications, so the production process is also different, mainly calcination, roasting and extrusion three kinds, of which the extrusion production of carburants absorption rate and absorption rate is not as good as calcination, roasting molding carburants.
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